![]() The ancient dialectic, based on a living, sensory perception of the material world, beginning with the very first conceptions of Greek philosophy, formulated an understanding of reality as something that changes and becomes, combining opposites within itself. Ancient eastern and Graeco-Roman philosophy created everlasting patterns for the dialectical world view. In the philosophy of Marxism-Leninism, the unity of materialism and dialectic has received a scientific basis and a logically consistent expression.ĭialectical thought has very ancient origins. In the history of dialectic, the following principal stages can be clearly distinguished: the spontaneous, naive dialectic of the ancient thinkers the dialectic of the Renaissance philosophers the idealistic dialectic of German classical philosophy the dialectic of the 19th-century Russian revolutionary democrats and the Marxist-Leninist materialist dialectic as the highest form of modern dialectic. Lenin, dialectic is a doctrine of development in its most complete and profound form, free from one-sidedness a doctrine concerning the relativity of human knowledge (which provides us with a reflection of eternally developing matter). In this sense dialectic, beginning with Hegel, is contrasted with metaphysics-the mode of thought that considers things and phenomena as unchanging and independent of each other. The doctrine of the most general principles of emergence and development, whose internal source is viewed as the unity of and conflict between opposites.
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